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Signal transduction, or cell signaling, is the process by which various signals are transmitted throughout the cell in a cascading series of extracellular and intracellular molecular events involving lipids, proteins, and ions. Often it involves a signal from a secreted growth factor, hormone or other extracellular signaling molecule with binding to receptors at the cell surface, including receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein coupled receptors, which then transduce the signal intracellularly. A wide range of antibodies are involved in signal transduction, such as cell surface receptor and kinase antibodies, intracellular kinase and adaptor protein antibodies, phosphatase antibodies, and secreted growth factor antibodies. Signaling pathways and their fluid dynamic processes can be studied by researchers aiming to learn more about their far-reaching morphological effects and especially their influence on the regulation of gene expression. Signal transduction antibodies can also offer insight into various pathways and their role in the development of diseases, for example, Alzheimer’s, lupus, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis.

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At EpiGentek, we supply a collection of over 20,000 individual high-quality antibodies for our customers to ensure that our research customers find exactly what they need for their studies. In addition, we offer a variety of other benefits to help our customers in terms of affordability, convenience, and reliability. See why working with EpiGentek for your antibodies is the right choice:

No Shipping & Handling Costs: we’ve waived all shipping and handling fees on our antibodies and antibody panel packs when selecting 2-day shipping (trial sizes not applicable).
100% Application Guarantee: your purchased antibodies are covered for 6-months past the date of purchase.
Multiple Conjugates: we carry biotin, FITC and HRP conjugates for nearly all targets.
Trial Sizes Available: 10 & 20 µl options available for thousands of antibodies in our catalog.

Cell Surface Receptor & Kinase Antibodies

Cell surface receptors transduce signals from the exterior of the cell to the interior by binding to secreted or extracellular factors, including hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, or other molecules. Cell surface receptors are generally classified by their tertiary structure or their membrane topology. Cell surface receptors include enzyme-linked receptors, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channel-linked receptors. Transduction of the intracellular signal can be mediated by protein-protein interactions by effector proteins, or by enzymatic activity as in the case of the enzyme-linked receptors. The enzyme-linked receptors usually possess enzymatic activity themselves, or associate with kinases or other enzymatic proteins intracellularly.

Intracellular Kinase & Adaptor Protein Antibodies

After binding of a ligand or secreted factor to its cell surface receptor, an intracellular signal is transduced, which is mediated by enzymatic activity of the receptor itself, as in the case of receptor tyrosine kinases, and by effector or adaptor proteins bound to specific intracellular domains of the receptor.

Phosphatase Antibodies

Phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification to proteins and controls cell signaling and induction of cell proliferation, differentiation, cell death and other biological processes. Phosphatases reverse phosphorylation by removing the phosphate group added by kinases mostly to serine, threonine or tyrosine residues in a protein. Thus phosphatases have a critical role in regulating cell signaling, as generally reversal of the phosphorylation indicates a switching off of the signal. Uncontrolled or constitutive signaling by cell surface receptors may lead to increased proliferation, among other outcomes, and could lead to the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, after phosphorylation and protein activation by kinases, the signal must return to the resting or inactivated state through dephosphorylation catalyzed by phosphatases.

Secreted Growth Factor Antibodies

Growth factors, peptide hormones, neurotransmitters and other secreted molecules initiate diverse signals involved in controlling cellular growth and proliferation, tissue development and differentiation, cellular metabolism and other biological processes. They initiate signals by binding to a receptor on the cell surface, which then undergoes a conformational change leading to an intracellular signaling cascade.

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